Factors
influencing Nature and Movement of Ocean currents
1. Factors related to the earth’s
rotation gravitational force and force of deflection.
2. Factors originating within the sea: atmospheric
pressure, winds, precipitation, evaporation and insolation.
3. Factors originating within the
sea: pressure gradient temperature difference, salinity density and melting of
ice.
4. Factors modifying the ocean
currents: direction and shape of the coast, seasonal variations, and bottom topography.
General
Characteristics of Ocean Currents
These characteristics arise as a
result of interplay of the above mentioned factors and include the following.
1. The general movement of the
currents on the northern hemisphere is clockwise and in the southern
hemisphere, anti-clockwise This is due to the Coriolis force which is a
deflective force and follows. Farrel’s law. A notable exception in this trend
is seen in the northern part of the Indian Ocean where the current movement
changes its direction in response to the seasonal change in the direction of
monsoon winds.
2. The warm currents more towards the
cold seas and cool currents towards the warm seas.
3. In the lower latitudes, the warm
currents flow on the eastern shores and cold on the western shores. The situation
is reversed in the higher latitudes the warm currents move along the western
shores and the cold currents along the eastern shores.
4. Convergence along which the warm
and cold currents meet and divergence from which they move out in different
directions also control the currents.
5. The shape and position of coasts
play an important role in guiding the direction of currents.
6. The currents flow not only at the
surface but also below the sea surface. Such currents are caused by the
differences in salinity and temperature. For instance, heavy surface water of
the Mediterranean sea sinks and flows westward past Gibratlar as a sub surface
current.
Given below is a survey of ocean
currents in three major oceans.
questions
1.
Tick the correct statement/s regarding International Fund for Agriculture
Development (IFAD):
1. India is IFAD's largest borrower, as well as one of its main contributors. Working in close partnership with the Government of India and other donors, IFAD funds projects for rural development, tribal development, women's empowerment, natural resource management and rural finance.
2. Since 1979 the organization has financed 25 programmes and projects, approving loans for a total of approximately US$797.3 million.
3. IFAD has an important role in developing replicable models through project activities, and it acts as a catalyst for far-reaching innovative change.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) All 1, 2 and 3
2. Identify the incorrect statement/s regarding Swami Vivekananda:
1. Swami Vivekananda was the disciple of Ramakrishna Parmahansa.
2. In 1887, he founded the Ramakrishna Mission to carry on humanitarian relief and social work.
3. He condemned the Hindu emphasis on rituals and superstitions but supported the caste system.
4. He criticised Indians for having lost touch with the rest of the world and became stagnant and mummified.
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. Consider the following statements regarding Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT):
1. APCTT is a regional institution of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) servicing the Asia-Pacific region.
2. It was established in 1977 with the objective of facilitating technology transfer in the Asia-Pacific region. The Centre is headquartered in Dhaka with host facilities provided by the Government of Bangladesh.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 Both (d) Neither 1 nor 2.
4. Tick the correct statement/s regarding Swami Dayanand:
1. He favoured the study of western sciences and he also regarded Vedas as Infallible.
2. In many aspects, the ideas of Arya Samaj resembled the practices of the Brahmo Samaj and Prarthana Samaj.
3. Swami Dayanand's follower Lala Hansraj started the Gurukul near Hardwar to propagate the more traditional ideals of education.
4. While Arya Samaj's reformist work tended to remove social ills and to unite people the growing national unity among various religions.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d
) 2 and 4
5. Following are the features of Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008:
1. LLP is a separate legal entity separate from its partners, can own assets in its name, sue and be sued.
2. One partner is not responsible or liable for another partner's misconduct or negligence.
3. Minimum of 2 partners and no maximum.
4. LLP shall maintain annual accounts. However, audit of the accounts is required only if the contribution exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs or annual turnover exceeds Rs.80 lakhs.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) All 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) None of the above
1. India is IFAD's largest borrower, as well as one of its main contributors. Working in close partnership with the Government of India and other donors, IFAD funds projects for rural development, tribal development, women's empowerment, natural resource management and rural finance.
2. Since 1979 the organization has financed 25 programmes and projects, approving loans for a total of approximately US$797.3 million.
3. IFAD has an important role in developing replicable models through project activities, and it acts as a catalyst for far-reaching innovative change.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only
(c) 3 only (d) All 1, 2 and 3
2. Identify the incorrect statement/s regarding Swami Vivekananda:
1. Swami Vivekananda was the disciple of Ramakrishna Parmahansa.
2. In 1887, he founded the Ramakrishna Mission to carry on humanitarian relief and social work.
3. He condemned the Hindu emphasis on rituals and superstitions but supported the caste system.
4. He criticised Indians for having lost touch with the rest of the world and became stagnant and mummified.
(a) 2 and 3 (b) 1, 2 and 4
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d) 1, 2, 3 and 4
3. Consider the following statements regarding Asian and Pacific Centre for Transfer of Technology (APCTT):
1. APCTT is a regional institution of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (UNESCAP) servicing the Asia-Pacific region.
2. It was established in 1977 with the objective of facilitating technology transfer in the Asia-Pacific region. The Centre is headquartered in Dhaka with host facilities provided by the Government of Bangladesh.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1 only (b) 2 only
(c) 1 and 2 Both (d) Neither 1 nor 2.
4. Tick the correct statement/s regarding Swami Dayanand:
1. He favoured the study of western sciences and he also regarded Vedas as Infallible.
2. In many aspects, the ideas of Arya Samaj resembled the practices of the Brahmo Samaj and Prarthana Samaj.
3. Swami Dayanand's follower Lala Hansraj started the Gurukul near Hardwar to propagate the more traditional ideals of education.
4. While Arya Samaj's reformist work tended to remove social ills and to unite people the growing national unity among various religions.
(a) 1, 2 and 4 (b) 1, 2 and 3
(c) 2, 3 and 4 (d
) 2 and 4
5. Following are the features of Limited Liability Partnership Act, 2008:
1. LLP is a separate legal entity separate from its partners, can own assets in its name, sue and be sued.
2. One partner is not responsible or liable for another partner's misconduct or negligence.
3. Minimum of 2 partners and no maximum.
4. LLP shall maintain annual accounts. However, audit of the accounts is required only if the contribution exceeds Rs. 50 lakhs or annual turnover exceeds Rs.80 lakhs.
Choose the correct option:
(a) 1, 2 and 3 only
(b) 2, 3 and 4 only
(c) All 1, 2, 3 and 4
(d) None of the above
