what is the impact of Rio+20 over india

Reflecting the concerns of India, the Rio+20 summit has said that developing countries needed additional resources for sustainable development and that unwarranted conditionalities on Official Development Assistance (ODA) and finance should be avoided.

“We reaffirm that developing countries need additional resources for sustainable development,” said the 55-page declaration adopted at the end of the Rio+20 summit officially called “United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development”.Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, in his address at the Summit attended by 125 world leaders, had said “many countries could do more if additional finance and technology were available. Unfortunately, there is little evidence of support from the industrialised countries in these areas (reducing emissions intensity). The ongoing economic crisis has made matters worse.”

 Describing economic development, social inclusion and environmental sustainability as all equally critical as components of sustainable development, Dr. Singh said that the task before the world community is to give practical shape and content to this architecture in a manner that allows each country to develop according to its own national priorities and circumstances.The world leaders in their declaration said they recognised the crucial importance of enhancing financial support from all sources for sustainable development for all countries, in particular developing nations.At the same time, the summit called on all countries to prioritise sustainable development in the allocation of resources in accordance with national priorities and needs.The summit also dealt with issues relating to the faltering Global economy.

 Noting that ongoing serious global financial and economic challenges carried the possibility of undoing years of hard work and gains made in relation to the debt of developing countries, the declaration said the developing countries should be given assistance in ensuring long-term debt sustainability through coordinated policies aimed at fostering debt financing, debt relief and debt restructuring, as appropriate.It also said that innovative financing mechanisms can make a positive contribution in assisting developing countries to mobilise additional resources for financing for development on a voluntary basis.“Such financing should supplement and not be a substitute for traditional sources of financing. While recognising the considerable progress in innovative sources of financing for development, we call for a scaling-up of present initiatives.” the declaration said.

The summit attended by leaders and representatives from 194 countries said all nations should refrain from promulgating and applying any unilateral economic, financial or trade measures not in accordance with international law and the U.N. Charter that impede the full achievement of economic and social development, particularly in developing countries.The Rio+20 document also emphasised the importance of technology transfer to developing countries.“We stress the importance of access by all countries to environmentally sound technologies, new knowledge, know-how and expertise.”

 “We further stress the importance of cooperative action on technology innovation, research and development. We agree to explore modalities in the relevant forums for enhanced access to environmentally sound technologies by developing countries,” the declaration said.On the issue of green economy in the context of sustainable development and poverty eradication, the document said it should be consistent with international law.

It should also respect each country’s national sovereignty over their natural resources taking into account its national circumstances, objectives, responsibilities, priorities and policy space with regard to the three dimensions of sustainable development.The green economy policies should also strengthen international cooperation, including the provision of financial resources, capacity-building and technology transfer to developing countries.“It should effectively avoid unwarranted conditionalities on official development assistance and finance. Not constitute a means of arbitrary or unjustifiable discrimination or a disguised restriction on international trade, avoid unilateral actions to deal with environmental challenges outside the jurisdiction of the importing country, and ensure that environmental measures addressing trans-boundary or global environmental problems, as far as possible, are based on an international consensus.” The green economy policies should also contribute to closing technology gaps between developed and developing countries and reduce the technological dependence of developing countries using all appropriate measures.

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INTERNATIONAL

Reactor restart in Japan: Japan approved the full resumption of commercial operations of an atomic reactor for the first time since the March 11 quake and tsunami sparked the Fukushima nuclear accident. Hokkaido Electric Power Co. restarted commercial operations at the Tomari plant's reactor number three Almost three-quarters of Japan's 54 reactors are now offline, mostly for regular safety checks, and many host communities have been reluctant to approve their restarts as anti-nuclear sentiment has grown in the quake-prone nation after Fukushima.

India Signs DTAA with Georgia: The Government of India signed an Agreement for Avoidance of Double Taxation and the Prevention of Fiscal Evasion with respect to Taxes on Income and on Capital (DTAA) with Government of Georgia. The Agreement was signed by Mr. M. C. Joshi, Chairman, Central Board of Direct Taxes (CBDT) on behalf of the Government of India and Mr. Zurab Katchkatchishvili, Ambassador of Georgia to India on behalf of the Government of Georgia. The DTAA provides that business profits will be taxable in the source state if the enterprises constitute a Permanent Establishment (PE) in the source state. The Agreement incorporates provisions for effective exchange of information between tax authorities of the two countries in line with best international standards, including exchange of banking information and supplying of information without recourse to domestic interest. The Agreement also provides for sharing of information to other agencies with the consent of supplying state. The Agreement will provide tax stability to the residents of India and Georgia and will facilitate mutual economic cooperation between the two countries. It will also stimulate the flow of investment, technology and services between India and Georgia.

UGC-British Council sign MoU under second phase of UK India education and Research Initiative (UKIERI): Prof. Ved Prakash Chairman of University Grants Commission(UGC) and Rob Lynes Director of British Council (on behalf of UK UKIERI partners) formally signed a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) to support all activities and programmes agreed under Phase Two of the UKIERI programme relating to the University sector across the four strands. This MoU aims to work with UGC for implementation of strand programmes and activities in the Higher Education Institutions in India. This MoU is in continuation to the MoU signed between Ministry of Human Resource Development of the Government of India and the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills on behalf of the Government and the Devolved Administrations of the UK including Northern Ireland, which sets out the framework for UKIERI from 2011-2016.

Teachers Exchange Programme with United States: The teachers from all over India from 6th to 12th grade are eligible for the Fullbright Teacher Exchange programme conducted under the auspices of United States India Educational Foundation (USIEF). There is no financial implication for the school from which the teacher is selected. Indian teacher selected for this exchange will have the opportunity to work within a U.S. school system and experience U.S. society and culture.

New Ties between India and Bangladesh: India-Bangladesh ties have received a significant boost after US President Barack Obama asked India to "look east". The most interesting development will be the agreement to open Chittagong port to northeaster India. This issue of access will be addressed as the countries resolve disputes over the Feni River. The Feni flows through Tripura and Bangladesh, and the prime minister are expected to resolved the long pending issue of sharing its waters and building a bridge on the border. The bridge will open Chittagong one of the best ports in eastern South Asia to northeastern India, said venna Sikri, former Indian high commissioner to Bangladesh. Once the bridge is built, Tripura and Assam will be just two and a half hours away from Chittagong. India and Bangladesh are connected by almost 54 rivers. Bangladesh will ask for a water-sharing agreement that covers all the rivers since it will help ensure security and safety of both nations.

Sahara Power, Korean co to set up 6,000 MW plants: Sahara India Power Corporation announced a partnership with Korea East-West Power Co. a Korean government company, to set up power plants with combined capacity of up to 6,000 mega watt. The agreement signed between the two companies allows them to jointly participate in tariff-based bidding for ultra-mega power projects (UMPPs) and other opportunities in India.

ECONOMY

Rangaran Wants Plan Panel to Shed Funds Allocation Role: The Planning Commission may lose its power to decide allocations to central ministries if the government accepts recommendations of a high-level expert panel. The panel has sought abolition of the present system of classifying government expenditure into Plan and non-Plan, saying allocations should be the primary domain of the finance ministry. The panel, headed by C Rangarajan, chairman of the Economic Advisory Council to the Prime Minister, was set up by the Planning Commission last year to suggest measures for efficient management of public expenditure.

India Losing Rs. 18k cr. a year Due to FMD in Cattle: ICAR: India is losing a whopping Rs 18,000 crore annually due to the dreaded foot and mouth disease (FMD) in cattle and livestock, a senior official of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) said. "According to the latest research conducted by ICAR on FMD in livestock, the country is loosing directly Rs 18,000 crore per annum." The losses are because of lesser milk production due to FMD in animals and the meat of the infected animals is not good for consumption.

4% Growth Target for Farms Sector in 12th Plan: The Planning Commission has set a 4% growth target for agriculture and related sectors for 12th Plan. Planning Commission Member and Steering Committee Chairman Abhijit Sen said.

Sebi imposes 150 fee on new MF investments: Market regulator Sebi said new investors will now have to pay an extra Rs 150 for investment of Rs 10,000 and above in mutual funds, while the charge will be Rs 100 for existing investors. No charge can be made for investments below Rs 10,000. "As an incentive to attract new investors, the distributor may be paid Rs 150 as transaction charge for a first time investor in mutual fund.

Improvement in industrial production in 2011: The rate of growth of industrial production measured in terms of Index of Industrial Production (IIP), with 2004-05 as the base, has been gradually increasing from 2.5 % in 2008-09 to 5.3% in 2009-10 and 8.2% in 2010-11. The growth rate of exports valued in rupee terms during this period was 28.19 % in 2008-09, 0.6% in 2009-10 and 32.3% in 2010-11. The overall investment measured in terms of gross capital formation has continuously been higher than gross domestic savings indicating a positive contribution of capital inflows. The major focus areas for improving the industrial climate during the 11th Plan have been the creation of world class infrastructure and devising regulatory mechanism to reduce transaction costs; promotion and facilitation of industrial investment including the foreign direct investment; improvement in business environment; development of industrial infrastructure through public private initiatives; removal of regional industrial imbalances; and development of industry relevant skills. The Union Budget 2011-12, has clearly indicated that for sustained growth of GDP and productive employment for younger generation, it is imperative that the growth in manufacturing sector picks up. Government is considering a manufacturing policy, which will bring down the compliance burden on the industry through self-regulation and help make Indian industry globally competitive. This will improve the growth rates for manufacturing and industry

Dish TV set to Launch CAM Technology: Dish TV, India's largest direct-to-home (DTH) operator, is set to launch Conditional Access Module (CAM), a device that will enable consumers with set-top boxes of other DTH service providers to switch to Dish TV's feed of television channels. Popular in Europe, CAM is a small gadget that enables consumers to shift from one DTH service provider to another without buying a new set-top box. "We expect inactive DTH households in metros and smaller cities which are not happy with their direct-to-home connections to buy our product and switch to Dish TV signals," said Salil Kapoor, COO, and Dish TV.

PSU's may not Get Bank Licence: The government is not keen on state-run firms securing bank licences under the proposed new banking licence policy. Currently, there are 21 public-sector banks besides five subsidiaries of the State Bank of India. The government has so far supported merger in public sector banks but has maintained that any merger proposal should come from the banks themselves. The RBI is expected to make the norms for new licences public soon. Several state-owned firms, including Power Finance Corporation (PFC) and LIC Housing Finance have shown interest in opening new banks under the proposed policy.

Polity

1.What is the objective behind the Cultural and Educational Rights in the Chapter on Fundamental Rights?

          (a) To eradicate illiteracy

          (b) To evolve a single culture

          (c) To help minorities to conserve their culture

          (d) To preserve Indian culture

2. The phrase ‘procedure established by law’

          (a) gives immense powers in the hands of the courts regarding judicial review

          (b) gives the authority to the courts to go into the question as to whether a law is ‘due’ i.e. just or not

          (c) limits the authority of the Indian Courts in judicial review and the courts cannot go into the question as to whether a law is just or not

          (d) None of the above is correct

3.What was the main decision of the Supreme Court in the Golak Nath case regarding the amendment of the Fundamental Rights by the Parliament?

          (a) The Parliament had the right to amend the Fundamental Rights

          (b) The ordinary elected Parliament has no right to amend the Fundamental Rights included in the Constitution which were quite sacred

          (c) The Parliament had the right even to repeal the Fundamental Rights

          (d) None of the above

4. What was the main judgement of the Supreme Court regarding Parliament’s right to amend the Fundamental Rights in the Kesavananda Bharati case?

          (a) The Supreme Court took away the right of Parliament to amend the Fundamental Rights

          (b) The Supreme Court declared that Parliament had no right to amend the Fundamental Rights

          (c) The Supreme Court upheld the right of Parliament to amend any part of the Constitution including Part III of the Constitution but it also declared that Parliament had no right to amend the basic structure of the Constitution

          (d) None of the above

5.Which part of the Constitution of India was described as the ‘Soul of the Constitution’ by Dr. Ambedkar?

          (a) The Preamble

          (b) The Chapter on Fundamental Right (Part III)

          (c) Directive Principles of State Policy

          (d) Right to Constitutional Remedies

Important days of June

4. International day of Innocent Children victims of aggression.

5. World Environment Day (the day that United Nations conference of the human environment began on 5^th June 1972 at in Stock helium Sweden)

12. World Day against child labour

14. World day blood donor day

18. Goa Liberation day

18. Father’s day

20. World Refugee day

26. International Day against drug abuse and illicit Trafficking

27. World Diabetes day

29. National statistics day (Birth anniversary of renowned statistician P.C. Mahalanobis, also founded the prestigious Indian statistical institute (ISI) at Kolkata)

Science

1. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists :

List I	List II
A. Cell theory	1. P. Mitchell
B. Theory of natural selection	2. Beadle and Tatum
C. One gene-one enzyme hypothesis	3. Schleiden and Schwann
D. Chemiosomotic hypothesis	4. C. Darwin

Code:

               A B C D

          (a) 2 3 4 1

          (b) 3 4 1 2

          (c) 3 4 2 1

          (d) 4 1 2 3

2.Why does a piece of bread when chewed tastes sweet?

(a) The sugar content of bread is drawn out

(b) The taste buds are stimulated by chewing

(c) Saliva’s action converts starch into maltose

(d) It does not taste sweet; it is just an illusion

3.Which of following vessels contains oxygenated blood?

          (a) Hepatic veins

          (b) Pulmonary vein

          (c) Hypophyseal portal vein

          (d) Renal vein

4. The excreta of lizards and birds contains a white component which is chemically:

          (a) urea                    (b) uric acid

          (c) creatinine

          (d) precipitated calcium

5. Sea-shore trees do not show annual rings because:

          (a) there is little climatic variations

          (b) they belong to monocots

          (c) there is enough moisture

          (d) soil is sandy

Government RBI to take steps to arrest rupee fall : Pranab Mukherjee

NEW DELHI: Concerned over declining Rupee, which fell to an all time-low of Rs

57.37 a dollar, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee today said that the government and the Reserve Bank will take steps to arrest the slide of the Indian currency. 

"I have asked the DEA Secretary to discuss Rupee situation with RBI Deputy Governor. DEA Secretary will take step to contain Rupee slide," Mukherjee told reporters here. 

In order to contain exchange rate volatility, the RBI has asked oil marketing companies (OMCs) to purchase half of their dollar requirement from a single public sector bank, like State Bank of India (SBI). 

Nagaland tribes reject package, stick to demand for for state hood

The Eastern Nagaland People's Organisation (ENPO) has rejected a Rs.500-crore development package offered by the Nagaland government in lieu of a separate State demanded by this banner organisation of six tribes inhabiting four eastern districts.

The ENPO said it would stick to its demand for creation of a “Frontier Nagaland,” comprising Tuensang, Mon, Kiphire and Longleng districts, carved out of the State.

“Since all the six tribes passed a resolution on June 12 in Tuensang not to accept any development package or any autonomous or regional council in lieu of a separate State, we did not accept the Rs.500-crore package, for undertaking development projects including Centrally sponsored projects in the four districts, that was offered to us during our meeting with Chief Minister Neiphiu Rio in Kohima on Friday,” ENPO president Pongom told 

 

Bhakti Movement in medieval India

Sankara:

·       He started a Hindu revivalist movement giving a new orientation to Hinduism.

·       He was born in Kaladi in Kerala.

·       His doctrine know as ‘Advita’ or  monism

Ramanuja:

·       Born at  Sriperumbudur near Chennai

·       His doctrine known as “Visishtadvaita”

·       He advocated Prabattimarga or path of self  surrender to god.

Madhava:

·       Kannada region.

·       Propagated Dvaita or dualism of Jivatma  and paramatma.

Surdas:

·       disciple of vallabhacharya, popularised kishna cult in north India.

Mirabai:

·       rajasthan, devotee of Krishna

Tulsidas:

·       Worshipper of rama.

·       Composed the famous ramacharitmanas.

·       hindi version of Ramayana.

Ramananda:

·       Born at duahabad.

·       Originally follower of Ramanuja, but later he founded his own sect.

·       He used vernacular medium to propagate his ideas.

Disciples were;

·       kabir   -   Muslim weaver- (most famous)

·       Raidasa – a cobbler             * narabarai – goldsmith

·       sena  - barber                       * pipa  - rajput prince

·       sadhana – butcher

·       dhanna – jat farmer

Guru nanak:

·       Founder sikh religion

·       disciple of kabir

chaitanya:

·       Bengal region

Gnanadeva:

·       Founder bhakti movement in Maharashtra

Tukaram:

·       Contemporary of sivaji

Basara;

·       Founder of virasaivism

·       his followers known as virasaivas or “lingayatas”

The suti movement :

·       originated in Persia

·       the sutis belonged to 12 orders called as silsilas.

1. khwaja muin – ud-din-chisti:

·       Stayed in Ajmer

·       He was popularly known as” Gharib Nawaz” or “protector of the poor”

·       He died in 1235 and buried in Ajmer.

·       The Hindu customs of breaking coconuts and lighting of lamp was followed here.

Baba farid:

·       Disciple of khwaja muin-din chisti.

Nizam-ud-din auliya:

·       settled in delhi

·       known as mehboob –i- Illahi (Beloved of God)

·       The kandhuri urs festival celebrated at nagor.

                               

Rajputs

There were nearly 36 rajput clans

1. The partiharas: kanauj caprital

·       Nagabhatta – I. Founder.

·       mihirabhoja, important king.

The palas

·       Ruled in Bengal region

·       Gopala the founder.

·       Dharmapala, founded tue famous vikramasila university

Mughals – cultural

Gardens:

1. Nishat bagh       --  Kashmir

2. Shalimar bagh    --  lahore

3. Pinjore                 --  punjab

·       Dara shikoh, son of shahjahan translated the bhagavat gita and upanisgad into Persian.

·       Sher shah, constructed his mausoleom at sasaram in Bihar.

·       Purana quila near delhi by shershah.

Akbar

·       Agra fort

·       Fatepur buland darwaza (Gateway) sikri (city of victory), near Agra.

shah jahan

·       Red fort at Delhi

·       Humayun’s tomb was build at Delhi, it may considered as precursor of the Taj Mahal.

·       Akbar’s tomb at Sikandara near Agra was completed by Jahangir.

·       Nurjahan built the tomb of Itimaddaulah at Agra . How the type of decoration called pietra dura, first used.

·       But in Taj Mahal, the technique of pietradura used in large scale.

Paintings:

·       The foundation for the Mughal painting was laid by Humayun. He brought Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdul Samad to India from Persia.

·       Under Jahangir, Mughal painting reached its maturity – maximum contribution.

Music:

·       Akbar patronized Tansen of Gwalior.

Literature:

·       Ain – i  - Akbari Akbar Nama – Abul Fazl, about Akbar

·       Abul Faizi, translated the Mahabharata into Persian language

·       Abdul Hamid Lahort – Padshahnama – about Shah Jahan.