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Peasant Movements (1857 – 1920’s)
Indigo Revolt (1859-60):
Reasons
1. British planters behaved like feudal lords in their estates.
2. They used ruthless and arbitrary methods to force peasants to grow indigo on a part of their fields in Eastern India.
3. Peasants were kidnapped and illegally confined.
4. If the peasants opposed than their cattle were lifted, women and children were attacked and crops were destroyed.
5. British planters were beyond any judicial control.
Results
The revolt started Govindpur Village in Nadia district and soon spread to all indigo districts of Bengal.
1. The factories, policemen and police – posts attacked Indiscri minutely.
2. The peasants went on a strike.
3. They filed cases against the planters and raised funds for litigation.
4. The house – hold servants were socially boycotted.
Significance
1. The peasants showed tremendous courage, organisation, co-operation and discipline.
2. There was complete Hindu Muslim unity.
By a Government notification of November 1860, the peasants could not be compelled to grow indigo. This is the first strike of the Indian peasants with successful results.
Deccan Riots (1874 – 75):
The revolt was mainly directed against the atrocities committed by Gujarati and Marwari money lenders.
Reasons
1. The land revenue were high.
2. Succession of bad Harvesting seasons.
3. Acute depression in cotton export from India.
4. Money lenders obtained mortgage of large proportion of lands against rural loans.
5. Manipulations of accounts and cheating with the illiterate peasants.
The riots effected 33 places in six Taluks. The entire Poona district was ablaze. The money lenders’ houses and shops were attacked and looted. The main object was to obtain and destroy debt bonds, deeds and decrees the money lenders, held against them.
The revolt was ruthlessly crushed by the police, assisted by military. The government of India appointed a Deccan riot commission to enquire into the causes of the revolt. Following the recommendations of this commission ‘Agriculturists Relief Act’ (1879) was passed for the amelioration of peasants. The main provisions of the Relief Act was:
(A) Restriction on alienation of peasant’s land.
(B) Some restrictions on the operations of the civil procedure code, and
(C) The ryots could not be arrested and sent to jail even for failure in paying debts.
1. Jamni river project is part of
(a) National Watershed Management Programme
(b) Bundel Khand Package
(c) Rajiv Gandhi National drinking water mission
(d) a & b
2. One of the outcome of India's summit Sideline Diplomacy was the meeting of Dr. Manmohan singh and Chinese counter part were Jiabo - Both bave bilateral target for trade by 2015 pegged at
(a) 1000 Billion US $
(b) 500 Billion US $
(c) 100 Billion US $
(d) 50 Billion US $
3. Choose Top wealth market in descending order
(a) China, India, US, Japan, UK
(b) US, Japan, India, China, UK
(c) US, Japan, UK, China, India
(d) US, Japan, China, UK, India
4. Choose the following statement.
1. Western Ghats task force has planned to form a "Green Wall" along the 164km coast in Dakshina Kannada, Udupi and Uttara Kannada to check sea erosion.
2. The import of sensitive items constitutes 4.2% and 4.3% of the gross imports during last year and current year respectively.
Correct Statement is/are
(a) Only 1
(b) Only 2
(c) Both 1 and 2
(d) None of these
5. Choose the following statement.
1. Form 5-INV containing the information of unclaimed and unpaid amounts as refrred to company Act 1955.
2. Shekhar Basu was appointed as the director of BARC.
3. India, Japan, Kenya, Philippines Mangolia are the member country of RIMES.
Correct Statement is/are
(a) Only 1 (b) Only 2
(c) Only 3 (d) All of the above
Topics to be covered in Hindu
Topic
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P.No.
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Government to rope in private players in cyber security
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1
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Efforts on for world heritage status to Fort St.George
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1
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Keeping the peace in Europe
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8
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